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The Maxwell Render output operator is located in the TAB menu of the out network or can be added to the scene via the Render > Create Render Node > Maxwell Render command from the menu or using the Maxwell Render shelf.

 

During the rendering process the plug-in writes .mxs scene files per frame to the disc and calls Maxwell Render asynchronously to render the sequence. After the render is done the MPlay window is opened with the rendered images. Render channels (such as alpha, motion pass or depth buffer) are also read back to MPlay.

The node’s user interface consists of the basic ROP parameters (such as Render Control… and Start/End/Inc frame) and the Maxwell Render parameters which are separated to 7 tabs:

  • General Settings
  • Objects
  • Tone Mapping
  • Render Channels
  • Render Layers
  • SimuLens
  • IPR

Maxwell Render can also be started from the film wheel icon in the bottom left corner to render the actual viewport.

 

The operator interface follows the structure of the Maxwell Render application interface where it’s possible.

General Settings

 

The General Settings tab contains scene and global render parameters.

  • Command Line: specifies command line arguments when calling Maxwell Render. See the available command line parametersParameters.
  • Scene File (MXS): specifies the path of the output .mxs scene file which is passed to Maxwell Render.
  • Output Picture: specifies the path and the format with bit depth of the output image.
  • Image Scale: scales the resolution of the output image. Resolution is defined by the camera, which is multiplied by this value.
  • Show In MPlay: enables / disables opening the rendered image in MPlay.
  • Active Camera: specifies the camera of the render. Render can not be started when there is no camera node added to the scene. If the Active Camera field is empty, the plug-in uses the first camera node from the scene.
  • Global Scale: specifies the scale of the translation.
  • Render Time: specifies the maximum time the render may run. There are two ways to stop a render in Maxwell Render: by setting a Sampling Level (level of quality) or by setting a Render Time (in minutes). If both parameters are set, the render will stop when one of them is reached. The longer the time, the cleaner and more accurate your image will be.
  • Sampling Level: specifies the level of quality when the render should stop. Setting the Sampling Level is useful to ensure that all the frames of the sequence will reach the same quality level, regardless of the time needed for each specific frame. Higher sampling level will give a cleaner and more accurate image.
  • Number of Threads: specifies the number of threads dedicated to the render. All available CPUs / Cores will be used by default. One core in a multi-core CPU is considered 1 CPU thread.
  • Multilight: enables multilight control for intensity or color. Maxwell Render’s multilight feature enables users to adjust the intensity of all the individual or grouped lights in the scene interactively during or after the rendering process to get the required results. It’s possible to export all the emitters contribution to independent images (Separate), or saving only the composed render (Embedded).
  • Quality: specifies the quality of the render.
    • Draft: low quality render with fast calculations.
    • Production: high quality render.
  • Allow Motion Blur: enables / disables motion blur calculations in the scene.
  • Displacement: enables / disables displacement calculations in the scene.
  • Dispersion: enables / disables dispersion calculations in the scene.

Objects

 

The objects tab defines which geometries and lights are translated to Maxwell from the scene. The fields are similar to the Mantra renderer.

  • Candidate Objects: geometry objects in this parameter will be translated to Maxwell Render if their display flags are turned on.
  • Force Objects: geometry objects in this parameter will be translated to Maxwell Render regardless of the state of their display flag.
  • Exclude Objects: geometry objects in this parameter will be excluded from the scene regardless of whether they are selected in the Candidate Objects or Force Objects field.
  • Solo Light: only lights in this parameter will be translated to Maxwell Render. If this parameter is set, the candidate, forced, and exclusion parameters are ignored.
  • Candidate Lights: each light in this parameter will be translated to Maxwell Render if their display flags are turned on.
  • Force Lights: each light in this parameter will be translated to Maxwell Render regardless of the state of their display flag.
  • Exclude Lights: each light in this parameter will be excluded from the scene regardless of whether they are selected in the Candidate Lights or Force Lights field.


Camera

Each camera node defined in the scene and marked as rendered will be translated for Maxwell Render by the plug-in, same way as the other renderers (like Mantra) work.

Basic camera and object parameters such as shutter speed, f-stop or position, rotation, uv coordinates are read from the node itself (see the Maxwell Camera (OBJ) chapter). In addition Maxwell has some specific parameters which are not available on Houdini’s default camera and geometry nodes. These can be defined with a multilist control under the Camera Parameters and Object Parameters tab of the General Settings. A camera or an object path has to be added here if the default value of the following Maxwell related parameters has to be changed. This solution ensures that a standard Houdini scene can be rendered with Maxwell Render without any changes in the existing nodes.

 

Maxwell Render simulates a real camera with the associated lens set, diaphragm, etc. parameters. Special camera parameters will appear on the interface when a camera or a bundle of cameras is selected in the multilist control.
  • Use Shutter Speed: camera shutter is different in Houdini and Maxwell. Houdini stores shutter time in 0 – 1 interval, while Maxwell uses shutter speed. Shutter time is translated with a formula (described in the Maxwell Camera section) which has some limitations. If this flag is turned on, the given value will be used as the camera shutter speed in the Maxwell scene.
  • ISO: specifies the film's light- sensitivity. Higher ISO is more sensitive.
  • Aperture: controls the shape of the “bokeh” effect caused by bright spots in the parts of the render that are out of focus. (Circular or Polygonal)
  • Blades: specifies the number of blades for Polygonal diaphragm.
  • Angle: specifies rotation angle of aperture opening for Polygonal diaphragm.
  • Shift Offset: specifies the offset of the lens position horizontally and vertically which can be useful to correct geometric perspective distortion.

Maxwell related object settings are the following.
  • Recalculate Normals: calculates normal vectors for each face when the geometry is translated to Maxwell Render. When this flag is turned off then the plug-in tries to find and use the normal point attribute associated with the geometry. When no normal point attribute is set, gives a warning and recalculates the normals.
  • Smoothing: this flag can be set when recalculate normals is turned on. Smoothing means that point normals will be calculated to the geometry instead of face normals which guarantees continuous surface in the render. Smoothing is turned on by default.
  • Hidden From Camera: specifies the visibility of the object.
  • Hidden From Reflections/Refractions: reflected or refracted objects are hidden.
  • Hidden From Global Illumination: the object will render but will not affect lighting.
  • Hidden From Z-clip Planes: if this option is selected, the object won't be cut by Z-clip planes.

Tone mapping

 

This tab contains settings for the dynamic range of the image.

  • Color Space: specifies color space for the rendered image.
  • Burn: controls the highlights in a render. Lower burn values will decrease the intensity of the highlights to avoid “burned out” areas in the image.
  • Monitor Gamma: controls the gamma conversion. Lower gamma values darken the image, higher values lighten the image.
  • Sharpness: controls antialiasing filterings. In most of the situations the default value should work fine.

Render channels

 

Several render channels are available in Maxwell Render which are useful for compositing tasks. This tab contains settings for the different channels used.

  • Channels: specifies the way how the channels are exported:
    • Separated: as independent files
    • Embedded: as one single file. The Alpha channel can be embedded in the tga, png, tiff and exr formats.
  • Render: the main render image. The following render types are allowed:
    • Diffuse + Reflections: outputs the whole render including the diffuse and reflections (complete render).
    • Diffuse: outputs only the diffuse color of the surfaces.
    • Reflection: outputs only the reflective component of the surfaces.
  • Alpha: enables / disables the alpha channel. The alpha channel is a black & white image which is reserved for transparency information.
  • Opaque: if this option is unchecked, transparent materials will render with a transparent alpha.
  • Z-buffer: outputs an image representing the scene depth.
  • Min / Max Depth Value: specifies the range of the depth in meters (from the camera to the farthest object)
  • Shadow: enables / disables shadow channel. Shadow channel is a grayscale image that represents the shadows received by objects that have a material applied to them with the “Shadow” option turned on.
  • Material ID: outputs multicolored material silhouettes.
  • Object ID: outputs multicolored object silhouettes.
  • Motion Vector: outputs the x,y,z translation of each pixel. Useful to apply motion blur in compositing as a post process.
  • Roughness: outputs an image containing the roughness value of the materials in the scene. High Roughness materials will appear white in the image, while low Roughness materials will appear dark.
  • Fresnel: outputs an image containing the Fresnel information of the surfaces.
  • Normals: outputs an image containing normals of the surfaces. Normals can be displayed in world or camera space.
  • Position: outputs an image containing position information of the surface points. Position can be displayed in world or camera space.

The selected render channels are displayed in MPlay together with the main render channel.

 

Render layers

 

The Render Layers tab holds illumination and caustics settings. These controls are useful to deactivate certain aspects of the rendering calculations for compositing purposes.

  • Direct Lighting: enables / disables direct lighting for illumination.
  • Indirect Lighting: enables / disables indirect lighting for illumination.
  • Direct Reflection Caustics: enables / disables direct reflection caustics.
  • Indirect Reflection Caustics: enables / disables indirect reflection caustics.
  • Direct Refraction Caustics: enables / disables direct refraction caustics.
  • Indirect Refraction Caustics: enables / disables indirect refraction caustics.

SimuLens

 

The SimuLens™ system mimics certain optical effects found in all camera lenses adding more realism to the render.

  • Aperture Map: specifies the shape of the diaphragm which models the pattern of light that reaches the film. For example, a circular diaphragm will create circular patterns, a hexagonal diaphragm will create 6 light streaks. The aperture map should be black with white specifying the shape and size of the aperture.
  • Obstacle Map: a black & white map to control diffraction effects. Aperture map is required to use the obstacle map. The two maps must have the same resolution. The obstacle map should be white with black areas specifying dirt or scratches on the lens surface.
  • Diffraction: controls diffraction / glare intensity.
  • Frequency: controls the frequency of coloring in the diffraction effect. Higher values will make the patterns denser.
  • Scattering: specifies the instensity of scattering, commonly known as bloom.
  • Devignetting: Vignetting is an artifact that darkens an image around the edges due to camera optics. The Devignetting slider removes the vignetting effect partially or completely by dragging it from 0 to 100%. In the real world, the more wide-angle the lens is (for example, a focal length of 24mm), the more pronounced the vignetting will be.

IPR

 

The Maxwell Render output driver is integrated with the Fire engine which provides Interactive Preview Render. The following parameters are control the quality of the render in interactive mode.

  • Quality: specifies the quality of the interactive render.
  • Render Time: specifies the maximum render time for the render in minutes.
  • Sampling Level: specifies the maximum sampling level required. The render will stop when this sampling level is reached.

 

 

 

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