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The Fresnel effect is the apparent increase/decrease of a surfaces reflectance based on viewing angle. For example, if you look at your monitor screen straight on, the monitor glass shows almost no reflection, but if you look at it from an angle almost parallel to the glass, it has become very reflective. The Fresnel effect is dependent on the Nd of the material. The higher the Nd, the more reflective the material becomes at ALL angles, so the Fresnel effect diminishes : the material becomes equally reflective at all angles.

It is important to understand this effect in order to create realistic materials. A plastic material for example should not have the with Nd (Fresnelrefraction index) set too high or it would become unrealistically reflective, even when viewed straight on. It would behave more like a metal than a plastic.

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The same plastic material with Nd=1.6 (left) and ND=30 (right)

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